The Savoy Declaration, written in 1658, is a modification of the Westminster Confession of Faith for Congregational churches. Oliver Cromwell, lord protector of England, approved of the meeting to draw up the confession not too long before his death.
The Savoy Declaration's authors include John Owen, Thomas Goodwin, Philip Nye, William Bridge, William Greenhill, and Joseph Caryl. All, except Owen, were previously part of the Westminster Assembly. The Savoy Declaration played an important role in establishing the congregational form of government.
The Savoy Declaration's section on the civil magistrate includes four parts:
- God's political authority: Section one acknowledges that the office, authority, and duties of civil rulers come from God, Who is the supreme ruler over all the earth.
- Christians and politics: Section two acknowledges the lawfulness of Christians acting as civil rulers, and that Christian civil rulers are to maintain peace and, when necessary, wage war.
- The first table of the law/toleration: Section three holds that rulers must promote and protect Christians and Christianity; promote Christ's interests; and suppress blasphemies, heresies, and false religions. Moreover, this section attempts to avoid the extremes of tolerance and intolerance, by allowing for Christians to have differences in doctrine—so long as they do not disturb others and they hold to the foundational doctrines of the faith.
- Submission to rulers/the Pope's civil jurisdiction: Section four advocates lawful honor and submission to civil rulers, and denies that the Pope has any civil jurisdiction over the land.
Chapter 24
Of The Civil Magistrate
1. God the supreme Lord and King of all the world, hath
ordained civil magistrates to be under him, over the people for his own glory
and the public good; and to this end hath armed them with the power of the
sword, for the defence and encouragement of them that do good, and for the
punishment of evil-doers.
2. It is lawful for Christians to accept and execute the office
of a magistrate, when called thereunto: in the management whereof, as they
ought specially to maintain justice and peace, according to the wholesome laws
of each commonwealth; so for that end they may lawfully now under the New
Testament wage war upon just and necessary occasion.
3. Although the magistrate is bound to encourage, promote, and protect
the professors and profession of the gospel, and to manage and order civil
administrations in a due subserviency to the interest of Christ in the world,
and to that end to take care that men of corrupt minds and conversations do not
licentiously publish and divulge blasphemy and errors, in their own nature
subverting the faith and inevitably destroying the souls of them that receive them:
yet in such differences about the doctrines of the gospel, or ways of the
worship of God, as may befall men exercising a good conscience, manifesting it
in their conversation, and holding the foundation, not disturbing others in
their ways or worship that differ from them; there is no warrant for the
magistrate under the gospel to abridge them of their liberty.
4. It is the duty of people to pray for magistrates, to honour
their persons, to pay them tribute and other dues, to obey their ]awful
commands, and to be subject to their authority for conscience sake. Infidelity,
or difference in religion, doth not make void the magistrate's just and legal
authority, nor free the people from their obedience to him: from which
ecclesiastical persons are not exempted, much less hath the Pope any power or
jurisdiction over them in their dominions, or over any of their people, and
least of all to deprive them of their dominions or lives, if he shall judge
them to be heretics, or upon any other pretence whatsoever.
read the Savoy Declaration in its entirety
Notes
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